INFORMATION FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS ONLY. NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
RECOGNIZING CMPA SYMPTOMS
CMPA presents a particular challenge for healthcare professionals because it can affect multiple organs.1 Symptoms are broad, non-specific, and often overlap with other common conditions such as reflux, colic, or lactose intolerance. This complicates diagnosis and often delays intervention. Symptoms can appear within minutes in IgE-mediated reactions, or over hours and even days in non-IgE-mediated reactions.2
Infants may present with the following symptoms:
Gastrointestinal3,4
diarrhoea,
vomiting,
reflux,
constipation
Dermatological3,5
eczema,
rashes,
urticaria
Respiratory4
wheezing,
coughing,
breathing
distress
Other signs3,5
faltering growth,
restricted feeding,
persistent
discomfort
1. Pawankar R, Canonica GW, Holgate ST, et al. World Allergy Organ White Book. 20132.
2. Candy DCA, et al. Pediatr Res. 2018;83(3):677–686.
3. Meyer R, Schwarz C, Shah N. Curr Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;25(1):10–17.
4. Høst A. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002;89(6 Suppl 1):33–37.
5. Koletzko S, Niggemann B, Arato A, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;55(2):221–229.
6. Skypala IJ, Venter C, Meyer R, et al. Clin T ransl Allergy. 2015;5:7.
7 . Robbins KA, Guerriero AL, Hauck SA, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(6):1463–1466.e5.
THE BURDEN OF CMPA BEYOND SYMPTOMS1-7
ALLERGY HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON PATIENTS, FAMILIES, AND SOCIETIES2
Physical1,4
Increased risk of future non-communicable diseases: obesity, diabetes, heart disease & hypertension
Psychological1,7
Families report distress for child and parents and impact on quality of life
Social1,7
Dietary restrictions & frequent healthcare visits, isolating children from participating in daily life
Finacial1,5,6
Increases healthcare costs through repeated consultations & medications
1. Pawankar R, Canonica G, Holgate S, et al. World Allergy Organization (WAO) White Book on Allergy. Update 2013.
2. Prescott SL. Early-life environmental determinants of allergic diseases and the wider pandemic of inflammatory noncommunicable diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(1):23–30.
3. West CE, Renz H, Jenmalm MC, et al. The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. C 2015;135(1):3–14.
4. Silverberg JI. Atopic disease and cardiovascular risk factors in US children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(3):938–40.e1.
5. Gupta R, Holdford D, Bilaver L, et al. The economic impact of childhood food allergy in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(11):1026–1031.
6. Patel DA, Holdford DA, Edwards E, et al. Estimating the economic burden of food-induced allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(1):110–115.e5.
7 . Dalgard FJ, Gieler U, T omas-Aragones L, et al. The psychological burden of skin diseases: a cross-sectional multicenter study among dermatological out-patients in 13 European countries. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(4):984–991.
Early recognition halves nutritional management duration.1 However only 4% of infants are diagnosed before 6 months old.2
Delayed diagnosis prolongs discomfort for the infant and stress for the family.4,5
WHY EARLY RECOGNITION MATTERS
Recognition is more than just identifying possible symptoms, it is the foundation for timely diagnosis and treatment. Delays in recognizing CMPA can prolong suffering for infants and create unnecessary stress for families.4,5
Research shows that diagnosis often takes an average of 10 weeks and around an average of four healthcare visits.2,4 However, parent surveys report the journey can be far longer, sometimes requiring more than 18 healthcare visits before CMPA is confirmed.2
Only 49% of infants are diagnosed before 6 months of age, despite CMPA typically presenting around three months.2
This delay has consequences. Infants diagnosed before 6 months spend an average of 8.2 months on hypoallergenic nutrition, compared with 17.2 months for those diagnosed later.1 This is why early recognition is critical in shortening the nutritional management journey and reducing the burden on families.1,6
1. de Boissieu D, Dupont C. J Pediatr. 2002;141(2):271–273.
2. Lozinsky AC, et al. Children (Basel). 2015;2(3):317–329.
3. Vandenplas Y et al. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92:902–908.
4. Sladkevicius E, Nagy E, Lack G, et al. Resource implications and budget impact of managing cow milk allergy in the UK. J Med Econ. 2010;13(1):119–128.
5. Sørensen K, Meyer R, Grimshaw KE, Cawood AL, Acosta-Mena D, Stratton RJ. The clinical burden of cow's milk allergy in early childhood: A retrospective cohort study. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2022;10(3):e572.
6. Prescott SL. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(1):23–30.
FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS ONLY, NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: Breastfeeding is the best form of nutrition for infants and provides many benefits to babies and mothers. Combined breast and bottle-feeding in the first weeks of life may reduce the supply of breast milk, and reversing the decision not to breastfeed is difficult. The social and financial implications of not breastfeeding should be considered.
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Important Notice
Breastfeeding is the best form of nutrition for infants and provides many benefits to babies and mothers. In preparation for and during breastfeeding, it is important to maintain a healthy and balanced diet. Combined breast and bottle-feeding in the first weeks of life may reduce the supply of breast milk, and reversing the decision not to breastfeed is difficult. The social and financial implications of not breastfeeding should be considered. All preparation and feeding instructions must be carefully followed, as improper preparation could pose in health risks to the baby. Always consult a healthcare professional for advice on infant feeding and use the products under medical supervision after considering all feeding options.
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